While the promise of shorter queues is appealing, the transition to digital passenger cards carries significant risks that cannot be ignored. A primary concern is the potential for digital exclusion, particularly for elderly travelers, those from non-English speaking backgrounds, or individuals who simply lack reliable access to smartphones and stable internet connections. If the system is not designed with extreme inclusivity, it risks creating new bottlenecks at airports as staff are forced to assist passengers who cannot navigate the digital interface.
There are also valid concerns regarding data privacy and cybersecurity. Centralizing sensitive personal information into a digital portal creates a high-value target for malicious actors. Any system failure, whether due to a technical glitch, a server outage, or a cyberattack, could bring international arrivals to a complete standstill. Unlike a paper card, which is immune to software bugs and connectivity issues, a digital-only system is inherently fragile. If the technology fails, the lack of a robust, well-maintained paper backup could lead to chaos in arrival halls.
Finally, the reliance on digital declarations assumes that every traveler has the time and capability to complete these forms before departure. For many, the stress of international travel is already high; adding a mandatory digital hurdle could lead to confusion and delays at the gate or upon arrival. Policymakers must ensure that the digital transition does not come at the expense of accessibility or operational resilience, and they must maintain a reliable paper alternative for the foreseeable future.