Critics of the mayors' initiative warn that pushing for a right to decide threatens the stability of the Spanish constitutional order and could lead to deep social polarization. They argue that the current framework, established by the 1978 Constitution, has provided decades of peace and prosperity by balancing regional autonomy with national unity. By challenging the indivisibility of the state, these local leaders risk undermining the legal certainty that businesses and citizens rely upon for economic and social stability.
There is also a significant concern regarding the potential for political fragmentation. Opponents of the movement suggest that focusing on sovereignty distracts from the pressing day-to-day issues that mayors should be prioritizing, such as economic development, housing, and public services. They argue that the alliance between the PNV and EH Bildu is a tactical maneuver designed to consolidate political power rather than a genuine effort to improve the lives of the average Basque citizen.
Furthermore, critics emphasize that a unilateral or forced process of self-determination could alienate a large portion of the population that identifies as both Basque and Spanish. They warn that such initiatives often create 'us versus them' dynamics, which can damage the social fabric of the region. From this viewpoint, the focus should remain on improving the existing system of autonomy within the framework of the law, rather than pursuing a path that could lead to institutional conflict and long-term uncertainty for the region's future.